[ study of 101 cases of onychomycosis and associate factors in patients referred to Boali Sina Hospital and Toba dermatology outpatient clinics in Sari]

Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection caused by various species of dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophytic molds and represents about 30% of cutaneous mycotic infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the frequency of onychomycosis and its associated factors in patients referred to Boali Sina Hospital and Toba dermatology outpatient clinics, Sari. In this cross-sectional study, nail specimens were collected from 101 patients suspected of onychomycosis during a 14 month period. Nail specimens were examined by direct microscopy, using potassium hydroxide [KOH] 20%, KOH + CFW, KONCPA [KOH treated nail clipping+PAS] and also culturing on sabouraud's dextrose agar, containing chloramphenicol [SC], and sabouraud's dextrose agar containing cyclohexamide and chloramphenicol [SCC] mediums. In this study, 79 [78%] of patients were female and 22 [22%] were male. Yeasts were isolated in 30% cases of onychomycosis, mainly from fingernails. Candida albicans, and C.krusei was the most prevalent species. Non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi were yielded at 24%, especially from toenails, with Aspergillus terreus being the most prevalent species. Dermatophytes were found in 7% of the samples, especially from toenails. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the predominant species. Unknown filamentous fungi were identified in 19% of samples, while mixed infections were identified in 20% of samples. The highest prevalence rate of onychomycosis was identified in the patients within the 30 to 49 years of age group. Distal and lateral subfungual onychomycosis [DLSO] was the most prevalent clinical types with [88%], followed by WSO [5%], PSO [5%], TDO [1%] and DLSO + PSO [1%]. The results of our study showed that onychomycosis is one of the most prevalent infections in patients who are suffering from nail disorders. Yeast and yeast like organisms cause these infections more than other fungus in this region. Women are more infected, as they are in daily contact with detergents and moisture

[ survey on myco-flora of air, book and cabinet of Mazandaran univerity of medical sciences libraries]

Grown fungi on books can be a risk factor for occupants as well as its known agents of bio-deterioration. Therefore, in this study, we surveyed the myco-flora of air, book and cabinets at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Libraries. Opened plates [containing Sabouraud's dextrose agar with chloramphenicole media [SC] were used for the isolation of fungi in the air of indoor environment of libraries. Pleated carpet sterile fragments were used for survey of cabinets and books contamination. Then, these fragments were cultured on SC in laboratory. A total of 939 colonies with 17 genera of fungi were identified from the environment of 4 school libraries at the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The most common fungi isolated were: Penicillium [62.0%], Yeast [13.6%], sterile hyphae [7.6%] and Candida [5.6%]. The most number of colonies were isolated from the air. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Stachybotrys were isolated from the libraries. They are considered toxigenic, allergenic, infective and also, as book deterioration agents